Energy in Georgia: hydro, wind and the export routes

The system is hydro-heavy, with large plants on the Enguri and smaller cascades across the mountains, and it runs short in winter when rivers are low and heating demand is high. That seasonal gap is the commercial logic for new capacity, for storage and for the cross-border lines.

Projects are licensed by the National Energy and Water Supply Regulatory Commission, GNERC. ESCO operates the market and has offered purchase arrangements to new plants for part of the year; the terms have changed over time and are the first thing to verify on any project. A day-ahead market has been introduced as part of the EU-aligned reform of the sector.

Export goes to Türkiye over the 400 kV interconnection, and the planned Black Sea submarine cable would connect the Caucasus to Romania and the EU grid. Both matter to a project's revenue case and both are policy-dependent.

What we check

• Permit and licence stage, with the documents, not the pitch.
• Grid connection agreement and the cost of the line to the substation.
• Purchase agreement terms, tenor and counterparty.
• Hydrology or wind data over years, not months.
• Environmental and community approvals, which have stopped projects before.

What an introduction gets you

• One introduction to a licensed developer or an operating plant owner we have checked, after a memo.
• Engineers and lawyers who have taken Georgian energy projects to financial close.
• Licensed projects seeking equity or debt, shared with the Circle first.